Guide to Breast Cancer Treatment in Singapore

Breast cancer is a significant health concern worldwide, and Singapore is no exception. However, the city-state is renowned for its advanced medical facilities and cutting-edge treatment options. This article provides an in-depth look at breast cancer treatment in Singapore, outlining various therapies, the treatment process, and the support available for patients.

Understanding Breast Cancer

Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast grow uncontrollably. It is the most common cancer among women globally, but early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes. In Singapore, comprehensive breast cancer treatment encompasses a range of therapies tailored to the individual’s specific type and stage of cancer.

Types of Breast Cancer Treatments in Singapore

1. Surgery

Surgery is often the first line of treatment for breast cancer. The type of surgery depends on the cancer’s size, location, and stage, as well as patient preference.

• Lumpectomy: Also known as breast-conserving surgery, this procedure involves removing the cancerous tissue while leaving most of the breast intact.
• Mastectomy: This involves removing the entire breast. There are variations such as skin-sparing and nipple-sparing mastectomies, which aim to preserve as much of the breast’s appearance as possible.
• Reconstructive Surgery: After a mastectomy, patients may opt for breast reconstruction to restore the breast’s shape. This can be done immediately following the mastectomy or at a later time.

2. Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells. It is typically recommended after surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells in the breast, chest wall, or axilla (underarm area). Advanced techniques in Singapore ensure precision and minimize damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

3. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy involves using drugs to destroy cancer cells. It can be administered before surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) to shrink tumours or after surgery (adjuvant chemotherapy) to reduce the risk of recurrence. Chemotherapy may also be used for metastatic breast cancer, where the disease has spread to other parts of the body.

4. Hormone Therapy

Hormone therapy is effective for cancers that are hormone receptor-positive. It works by blocking the body’s natural hormones, estrogen and progesterone, which can fuel the growth of certain types of breast cancer. Treatments include medications such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors, as well as ovarian suppression techniques.

5. Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy drugs specifically attack cancer cells without harming normal cells. These treatments are particularly effective for cancers with specific genetic mutations or markers. In Singapore, therapies like trastuzumab (Herceptin) are used to treat HER2-positive breast cancers.

6. Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy boosts the body’s immune system to fight cancer. It is a newer approach that has shown promise in treating various types of cancer, including breast cancer. Clinical trials and ongoing research in Singapore continue to explore the potential of immunotherapy in breast cancer treatment.

The Treatment Process

Diagnosis and Staging

A precise diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. In Singapore, advanced imaging technologies such as mammograms, ultrasounds, and MRIs, along with biopsy procedures, are used to diagnose and stage breast cancer accurately.

Multidisciplinary Team Approach

Breast cancer treatment in Singapore often involves a multidisciplinary team of specialists, including surgical oncologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists, and radiologists. This collaborative approach ensures that each patient receives a comprehensive and personalized treatment plan.

Treatment Planning

Based on the diagnosis and staging, the medical team will develop a treatment plan tailored to the patient’s specific needs. Factors considered include the type and stage of cancer, the patient’s overall health, and personal preferences.

Supportive Care and Rehabilitation

Supportive care is an integral part of breast cancer treatment in Singapore. Patients have access to counseling services, nutritional support, physical therapy, and pain management to help them cope with the physical and emotional challenges of cancer treatment.

Follow-Up Care

Regular follow-up appointments are essential to monitor the patient’s progress, manage any side effects, and detect any signs of recurrence early. Follow-up care may include physical exams, imaging tests, and blood tests.

Support Systems for Breast Cancer Patients

Patient Support Groups

Support groups provide a platform for patients to share their experiences, receive emotional support, and gain valuable insights from others who have undergone similar journeys. These groups are an invaluable resource for coping with the emotional aspects of breast cancer.

Counseling Services

Professional counseling services help patients and their families navigate the psychological impact of a breast cancer diagnosis. Counseling can address anxiety, depression, and other emotional challenges, fostering a positive outlook during treatment.

Financial Assistance Programs

Several financial assistance programs in Singapore can help alleviate the burden of medical expenses for breast cancer patients. These programs ensure that all patients have access to the necessary treatments without financial hardship.

Conclusion

Breast cancer treatment in Singapore is characterized by its comprehensive, patient-centered approach. With a wide range of advanced therapies, a multidisciplinary team of experts, and robust support systems, patients can expect high-quality care tailored to their individual needs. Early detection, precise diagnosis, and personalized treatment plans are key to achieving the best possible outcomes in the fight against breast cancer.